Small Solar Power Generator System

Small solar power system is composed of a single polycrystalline solar panel, battery (Group), photovoltaic controller. If the output power is AC 220V or 110V, the inverter needs to be configured. It is often used for household lighting and outdoor camping.

Power generation principle
A new hole electron pair is formed on the semiconductor p-n junction under solar radiation. The hole flows from the N region to the p region under the action of the p-n junction electric field, and the electrons flow from the p region to the N region, and then the current is formed after the circuit is connected. This is the photoelectric effect of solar cell working principle.
First, the solar power generation mode of solar power has two ways, one is the light thermal electricity conversion mode, and the other is the light electricity direct conversion mode.
(1) the light heat electricity conversion mode uses the heat energy produced by solar radiation to generate electricity, which is generally converted from the heat energy absorbed by the solar collector into the steam of the working substance, and then the steam turbine is driven to generate electricity. The former process is a photo thermal conversion process, and the latter one is a thermal electric conversion process.
(2) the direct conversion of light to electricity is the direct conversion of solar radiation into electrical energy by photoelectric effect. The basic device of the photoelectric conversion is the solar cell. A solar cell is a device that directly transforms solar energy into electrical energy due to photovoltaic effect. It is a semiconductor photodiode. When the sun shines on the photodiode, the photoelectric diode transforms the solar energy into electricity and produces current.

Function of each part of the system
(1)Solar panels: solar panels are the core of solar power systems, and are the most valuable part of solar power generation systems. Its function is to convert the radiant power of the sun into electrical energy, or to the storage battery storage, or to promote the work of the load.
(2) solar controller: the role of solar controller is to control the working state of the whole system, and the battery has played the role of overcharge protection, over discharge protection. In the place where the temperature difference is large, the qualified controller should also have the function of temperature compensation. Other additional functions such as light operated switches and time controlled switches should be optional for the controller.
(3) batteries: generally lead-acid batteries, small and micro systems can also be used nickel hydrogen batteries, nickel cadmium batteries or lithium batteries. The function is to store the energy emitted by the solar panel when it is illuminated, and then release it when needed.
(4) inverter: the direct output of solar energy is generally 12VDC, 24VDC, 48VDC. In order to provide electrical energy to 220VAC electric appliances, it is necessary to convert the DC energy generated by the solar power generation system into alternating current energy, so the DC-AC inverter is needed.